[table][tr][td]西史什么的太可怕啦- -
为什么我们不是学日本史啊！！！
明智光秀 織田信長 本能寺 这些多容易啊~
WWI关我什么事啊
···
你为什么要我为了它背notes啊。。。
Causes of World War I 1871-1914
Causes of WWI
• Between 1871-1914, most of the European countries did not trust each other.
• This mistrust got worse and helped to start the First World War.
This lack of trust was a result of:
• Alliance System
• armament race
• colonial rivalries
• rise of extreme nationalism
I. Alliance System
• The European powers didn’t trust each other because of this system.
• By 1907, the 6 major European countries had joined:
EITHER The Triple Alliance OR The Triple Entente
The Triple Alliance (1882)
Italy
Germany
Austria-Hungary
The Triple Entente (1907)
Russia
France
Britain
Why was the Alliance System a cause of WWI?
• It divided all the powerful European countries into two opposing groups.
• If trouble broke out between them, then no country was left to bring peace or stop the war.
• The Alliance System could easily turn a local war into a general one.
II. Armaments Race
• The European countries didn’t feel safe, even after making alliances.
• In the case of war, they were afraid their allies wouldn’t help them.
• To defend themselves, they began to produce more and more armaments.
• During 1871-1914, the armaments race took place.
• The European powers raced to:
• Build larger armies and navies
• Produce more armaments
After 1871, the European powers raced in building armaments. They spent more money on national defense.
Aims of the Powers in the Armaments Race
• Germany wanted to show her power as a new nation.
• Britain and France wanted to protect their colonies.
Military and Naval Race
• Military Race: France and Germany tried to build larger armies.
• Naval Race: Britain and Germany tried to build larger navies.
Impact of the Armaments Race
It increased tensions among the powers.
Each of the powers would not give way easily to other powers in the case of a conflict.
III. Colonial Rivalries
Why did the European countries want to have many colonies?
• to find cheap raw materials for their industries.
• To sell their manufactured products to the colonies.
• To get food from the colonies.
• To spread their culture abroad.
This led to a lot of competition for colonies:
• German unification in 1871 meant that she got into the race for colonies late.
• Britain and France already had a lot of colonies.
• Germany got colonies by taking them from other countries using military force.
• This led to many conflicts in Europe and Africa.
• The European powers competed for colonies from the late 19th century.
IV. Extreme Nationalism
• The rise of extreme nationalism led to many countries using force to reach national goals.
• The main European countries where extreme nationalism appeared were:
- France - Austro-Hungary
- Germany - Russia
France
- desire for revenge against Germany for her defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71)
- conflict with Germany
Germany
- started the Alliance System against France
- promoted Pan-Germanism to unite all the Germans under one great German state
- conflict with France and other European powers
Austria-Hungary
- expanded in the Balkans
- conflict with Russia and Serbia
Russia
- started Pan-Slavism to unite all the Slavs in the Balkans and Austria-Hungary under one great Slav state
- conflict with Austria-Hungary
i).Crises in Morocco
 France and Germany wanted to colonize Morocco.
 Two crises broke out in 1905 and 1911.
ii). The Balkan Wars
 The Balkans were a group of small states in southern Europe.
 The people belonged to many different races and religions.
 They often fought wars with each other.
 Serbia defeated Turkey and Bulgaria in the First (1912) and the Second Balkan War (1913).
 Austro-Serbian relations grew worse after the Balkan War
V. Immediate Cause of WWI: Sarajevo Incident
• June 28th 1914, a Bosnian student killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand – the future king of Austria-Hungary.
• The murder took place in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia.
• This was called the Sarajevo Incident.
• Austria blamed Serbia for the murder.
• She said the murderer belonged to an anti-Austrian society - set up by Serbia.
• Austria gave Serbia a list of THREE demands (The Austrian Ultimatum) – which she knew Serbia would never accept.
• Austria prepared to start a war against Serbia (with Germany’s support).
Austria-Hungary’s Ultimatum to Serbia, July 23, 1914
1. Serbia should suppress all anti-Austrian societies and activities in Serbia.
2. Serbia should dismiss all anti-Austrian officials.
3. Serbia should allow Austria-Hungary to supervise the implementation of these demands.
July 31
Germany demands Russian demobilization and French neutrality.
August 1
Germany declares war on Russia.
August 3
Germany declares war on France and attacks Belgium
August 4
Britain declares war on Germany
• Within eight days, this local Austro-Serbian War had become a general war.
• By end of August, all the major European powers were drawn into the war.
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